When must a landlord return a security deposit after a tenant moves out?

Deadlines vary by state

There is no single national deadline. States set their own windows for returning a deposit, and they can range from a couple of weeks to a month or more after move-out.

Because the range is so wide, the first step is simply knowing your state's number. Guessing is risky when penalties are attached.

The clock usually starts at move-out

In most states, the countdown begins when the tenancy ends and the tenant returns possession, though the exact trigger can differ.

Some states also require the tenant to provide a forwarding address, which can affect how the deadline runs. Check how your state defines the start.

Itemization is often required

Many states require that any deductions come with an itemized statement delivered within the same window. Returning a partial deposit without explanation can itself be a violation.

Preparing the statement early keeps you comfortably inside the deadline rather than scrambling at the last minute.

Penalties for missing it

Missing the deadline can be costly. Some states allow tenants to recover multiple times the deposit if a landlord fails to return it or itemize on time.

Given the stakes, treat the deadline seriously. This is general information, not legal advice, so confirm your state's exact timeline and penalties.