What deductions can a landlord legally take from a tenant security deposit?

Damage beyond normal wear

The most common allowable deduction is repairing damage that goes beyond ordinary wear. Think broken fixtures, large holes, or pet-stained carpet, not faded paint or light scuffs.

The distinction is central. Charging a tenant for normal wear is not permitted in most places and can expose you to penalties.

Unpaid rent and fees

Many states allow you to apply the deposit to unpaid rent or agreed-upon fees left owing at move-out. This is a frequent and generally accepted use.

Document any unpaid balance clearly. A ledger showing what was owed supports the deduction if it is ever questioned.

Cleaning in some cases

Cleaning costs may be deductible when a unit is left dirtier than it was at move-in, beyond normal use. A move-in condition record sets that baseline.

Routine cleaning between tenants is often considered the landlord's cost, so this area requires care and good documentation.

Know your state limits

Rules on what is allowable, how much, and how it must be documented vary widely. Some states cap amounts or require itemized statements within a set window.

Because of that variation, this is general information rather than legal advice. Confirm the specific rules in the state where your property sits before making deductions.